Which Materials Are Suitable For Plasma Cutting?

Plasma cutting is a versatile process used to cut through various materials with high precision and speed. It involves using a high-temperature plasma stream, created by ionising a gas, to melt and cut through the material which is achieved using a plasma cutter machine. Many materials are suitable for plasma cutting, but not all. There are many frequently asked questions around exactly which materials it is appropriate to use a plasma cutter for, which we will answer in this article.

With further ado, let's discuss some common materials and their suitability for plasma cutting.

Can a plasma cutter cut aluminium?

Yes, plasma cutters can effectively cut aluminium with ease. As a soft metal that conducts heat well, aluminium is a more than suitable candidate for plasma cutting. The high-temperature plasma stream created by the plasma torch will easily and efficiently melt and cut through aluminium sheets, even those which are a little thicker than normal.

Can a plasma cutter cut cast iron?

While cast iron is a very hard and brittle material, plasma cutters can still cut through it to a high standard. One thing to note though is that you should have a plasma cutter with sufficient power and a suitable cutting torch nozzle so as to ensure a pure cut through cast iron. The incredibly hot plasma stream created by plasma cutting machines will penetrate the hard surface of cast iron and cut through it effectively.

Can a plasma cutter cut glass?

No, plasma cutters cannot cut through glass because glass is a non-metallic material that doesn't conduct electricity. For a plasma cutter to work, the plasma stream it creates requires a conductive material to create an electrical arc, generate heat and cut through. Therefore, you will not be able to cut glass using a plasma cutting machine.

Can a plasma cutter cut stainless steel?

Plasma cutters can cut stainless steel and it is one of the most common uses for a plasma cutter. Stainless steel is a popular material used in various industries, and plasma cutting is a widely-used method for cutting and processing it. The high-temperature plasma stream which comes out of the plasma torch nozzle will efficiently and effectively cut through stainless steel sheets, even those with varying thicknesses and grades.

Can a plasma cutter cut wood?

Plasma cutters are not designed to cut wood and it would be very dangerous to try. Wood is, by nature, a highly flammable material that can easily ignite when exposed to high temperatures. The plasma stream's heat, therefore, would cause the wood to catch fire and create a serious safety hazard.

Can a plasma cutter cut through anything?

While plasma cutters are capable of cutting through a wide range of materials, they are not suitable for all substances. Plasma cutting is only possible with heat-conductive materials like various metals. Materials that are non-conductive, flammable or have a very low melting point are not suitable for plasma cutting.

Other Factors Affecting Plasma Cutting Suitability

If we haven’t listed your material above, the following key points should help you work out whether or not you can use a plasma cutter to cut through it. If you are unsure, always consult an experienced professional for advice.

Material Thickness

Thicker materials require more power and a larger plasma stream to cut through effectively. Consider whether your plasma cutting machine has the required power for the thickness of your material.

Material Composition

The chemical composition of a material can affect its conductivity and melting point, influencing its suitability for plasma cutting. Remember, the material should have a high melting point and be conductive in order to be suitable for plasma cutting.

Material Hardness

Harder materials may require more power and a specialised cutting torch nozzle to cut through. You can check out our plasma torches to help find something suitable.

Material Surface Condition

Surface contaminants or coatings can affect the cutting process and may require additional preparation. Ensure the material is clean and free of debris or sentiment before you engage in plasma cutting.

In conclusion, plasma cutting is a versatile process that can be used to cut through a wide range of materials. However, it's essential to consider the factors that affect material suitability and always follow relevant safety guidelines to ensure a successful and safe cutting experience.