A Guide To ARC Welding - How MMA welding works

13th January 2025

Arc welding and MMA welding refers to the same process. Known as Manual Metal Arc welding (MMA) or "Stick Welding", it's a type of arc welding where a flux-coated electrode is used to create an electric arc between the electrode and the workpiece. This action melts both to form a weld, while the flux coating protects the molten metal from contamination. The "stick" electrode is manually held by the welder and moved along the joint to create the weld.

In this guide to MMA Welding, we are going to cover everything you need to know, if you're a beginner and want to buy your first Arc Welder.

How does arc welding work?

Arc welding works by generating heat through an electric arc, which is created when the electrode makes contact with the workpiece and then is pulled away slightly. This gap allows the electric current to jump from the electrode to the metal, producing intense heat that melts both the electrode and the base material. As the welder moves the electrode along the joint, the molten metal from the electrode combines with the melted base material, forming a strong bond as it cools and solidifies.

One of the key components of MMA welding is the flux coating on the electrode. This coating serves multiple purposes. First, it helps to stabilize the arc, making it easier for the welder to control the welding process. Second, as the electrode melts, the flux generates a gas that shields the molten weld pool from atmospheric contamination, such as oxygen and nitrogen, which can weaken the weld. Finally, the flux also forms a slag layer on top of the weld, which protects it as it cools and can be removed later for a clean finish.

For beginners, choosing the right equipment is crucial. When selecting your first arc welder, consider factors such as the type of materials you will be working with, the thickness of the metal, and the power supply available. Most MMA welders are portable and can operate on standard household electricity, making them accessible for home projects. At Engweld.co.uk we are providing a large range of MMA welders for beginners such as the Bester 210-Nd Mma Inverter Welder 240V B18258-1 and the Esab Rogue Es 201Ip Pro Mma Dual Voltage Welding Machine.

Safety is another important aspect of MMA welding. Always wear appropriate protective gear, including a welding helmet with a suitable shade, welding gloves, and protective clothing to shield yourself from sparks and UV radiation. Ensure your workspace is well-ventilated to avoid inhaling harmful fumes.

How to weld with an arc welder?

As you now understand the concept of MMA Welding, it's time for you to begin welding. To help you for your first weld, here is a 7 steps guide on how to use your MMA welder and create your first project:

1. Set up a safe work area

It's important to set up a safe working area before starting welding. You may also use welding PPE such as a proper Welding Gloves and Welding Helmets. The welding equipment is important to take in consideration, we provide a full guide to choose the best arc welder for you.

2. Prepare the base metal

Before beginning to weld, prepare the base material by grinding it with your angle grinder. This will help the penetration of the weld arc to melt both sides to a molten state. Paint, grease, rust, or other contaminants need to be removed during this step.

3. Attach the clamps

The ground clamp needs to be attached to the larger piece of stock which is going to be welded.

4. Turn on your welding machine

Turning on your welding machines also means to select the welding rod and amperage range for your work. You need to consider the thickness of the base metal you're welding to choose a welding rod a bit smaller in diameter than the metal thickness. The amperage needs to be settled based on the rod size and welding position. The thicker the material, the higher amperage you need to use. Consult the manufacturer's recommendations on the electrode packaging for specific amperage ranges based on the rod type and size.

5. Hold the stinger and select your beginning point

You can start by tapping the electrode against the weld metal to feel the material, but never strike the arc without protecting your eyes.

6. Strike the electrode

You're now ready to strike the electrodes. Strike it against the surface of the metal, if you begin to see an electric arc occur, you can pull it back slightly.

7. Practice

Practice in arc welding is key, the more you practice, the more consistent your arc length is going to be. You'll need to find the most efficient weld speed while creating a line with the path you want to weld. You can practice creating a wider bead by moving the electrode in a sweeping motion.