Explaining The Different Types Of Welding Rods

Welding electrodes come in many forms, each designed for specific metals, positions and applications. This guide breaks down the main stick welding electrode types, how they work, and where each one performs best, ideal if you’re new to SMAW (stick welding) or want a clearer understanding of rod classifications.

Looking to buy electrodes? You can browse the full range of welding rods and electrodes here.

What Are Stick Welding Electrodes?

In stick welding (SMAW), the electrode is a metal rod coated in flux. As the rod melts, it forms the weld pool while the flux creates a shielding gas to protect the molten metal. Different electrodes behave differently depending on:

coating type
penetration level
tensile strength
metal compatibility
welding position

Understanding Electrode Numbers (e.g., 6013, 7018)

The code stamped on an electrode tells you its strength, usability, and flux composition:

60 or 70 → tensile strength (60,000–70,000 psi)
1 → can weld in all positions
3, 8, etc. → flux type and penetration characteristics

This system helps you choose the correct electrode for the metal and joint type.

Common Types of Stick Electrodes

6013 Electrodes (Beginner-Friendly)

6013 rods strike easily and run smoothly, making them ideal for light-gauge steel, general repairs, and learning basic bead control. Good for hobby use and thin sections.

7018 Electrodes (Low Hydrogen)

7018 rods are used for structural steel, pipelines and heavy-duty fabrication. They produce strong, ductile welds with low hydrogen to reduce cracking.

6010 / 6011 Electrodes (Deep Penetration)

Great for rusty, dirty or painted steel. These rods dig in deep and work well on farm equipment, repair work and root passes.

Cast Iron & Stainless Electrodes

These specialised electrodes are designed for materials that are prone to cracking. Nickel-based options are common for cast iron, while stainless rods match various grades of stainless steel.